![]() ![]() 10\)`, **IF** we'd rather not miss any potential relationship and are okay with some false positives 05\)` **BUT** there is nothing magical about it ![]() nicegreen, but trade off (type II error rate) We FAIL to reject the NULL when we shouldīackground-image: url(figures/fig_conf_matrix.png) 05\)` distributed across both tailsīackground-image: url(figures/fig_err_types.png) Rejection region is distributed in both tails nicegreen, `\(\bar 1 \ tail \ p-value\)`īackground-image: url(figures/fig_1tail_cv.png) Not frequently interested in whether **individual scores** are unusual relative to others, but whether scores from **groups of cases** are unusual. center reflect **unlikely** or **unusual scores**] Probabilities of `\(z\)`-scores used to determine how **unlikely** or **unusual** a single case is relative to other cases in a sample Coherence/Consistency with past research findings Strength of association, ruling out occurrence by chance alone Plausibility/Phenomenological credibility (educational, behavioral, biological) Hill's View Points and "Diversity of Evidence" Sampling or random error is variability due to chanceīackground-image: url(figures/fig_old_cig.png) Estimators will vary from sample to sample ![]() Are there between or within **group differences** or **associations**? How **precise** is sample mean or does it differ from a given value? Do not address **accuracy** of estimators or hypothesis testing ![]() Generally describe **one** variable only dcoral on 1 or more characteristics?Ĭomparing group means, counts, or proportions "Results without causes are much more impressive." # "I'm afraid that I rather give myself away when I explain," said he. Class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide ![]()
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